22 topics

Sentence Syntax & Transformation

How English sentences are built and transformed: word order (SVO), questions, imperatives, passive voice, reported speech, cleft sentences, inversion, fronting, ellipsis, nominalization, and subject-verb agreement.

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

Topics in this Category

  1. 1
    A1

    Basic Sentence Structure (SVO)

    English word order: Subject–Verb–Object, the fundamental pattern underlying all English sentences.
  2. 2
    A1

    Imperatives

    Commands and instructions using the base verb form: Open the door. Don't be late.
  3. 3
    A1

    There is / There are

    Introducing existence with there is (singular/uncountable) and there are (plural).
  4. 4
    A2

    Extended Question Formation (How, Whose, Which)

    Forming questions with how (many/much/often/long), whose, and which to ask for specific details.
  5. 5
    B1

    Passive Voice (Introduction)

    Shifting focus from the doer to the action/receiver with be + past participle.
  6. 6
    B1

    Reported Speech (Introduction)

    Reporting what someone said using reporting verbs and tense backshift: He said he was tired.
  7. 7
    B1

    Question Tags

    Short questions added to the end of statements to seek confirmation: You're coming, aren't you?
  8. 8
    B1

    Indirect Questions

    Polite question forms embedded in statements: Could you tell me where the station is?
  9. 9
    B2

    Transitivity (Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs)

    Understanding which verbs take an object (transitive) and which do not (intransitive).
  10. 10
    B2

    Advanced Subject-Verb Agreement (The Exceptions)

    Complex agreement patterns: collective nouns, either/neither, none, relative clause subjects, inverted sentences.
  11. 11
    B2

    Advanced Passive Voice

    Passives across tenses, with modals, and impersonal passives: It is said that… / He is believed to…
  12. 12
    B2

    Advanced Reported Speech

    Reporting commands, suggestions, offers; mixed tenses; reporting verbs beyond say and tell.
  13. 13
    B2

    Cleft Sentences

    Splitting a sentence for emphasis: It was John who broke the window. What I want is some rest.
  14. 14
    B2

    Inversion with Negative Adverbials

    Fronting negative adverbials triggers subject-auxiliary inversion: Never have I seen such chaos. Rarely do we…
  15. 15
    C1

    Advanced Passive (Infinitive, Gerund, and Reporting Structures)

    Passive infinitives (to be done), gerunds (being done), and complex reporting passives (believed to have been).
  16. 16
    C1

    Advanced Reported Speech Structures

    Nuanced reporting: mixed time references, reporting verbs + gerunds, distancing and hedging in formal contexts.
  17. 17
    C1

    Fronting

    Moving a non-subject element to the front of a sentence for emphasis or contrast: This I did not expect.
  18. 18
    C1

    Advanced Inversion

    Inversion in conditionals (Were it not for…), after so/such, and in comparative structures.
  19. 19
    C1

    Ellipsis and Substitution

    Omitting or replacing repeated material for efficiency: I can swim and so can she. I haven't, but I will.
  20. 20
    C1

    Nominalization

    Turning verbs and adjectives into nouns for formal, dense writing: decide → decision, fail → failure.
  21. 21
    C2

    Advanced Coordination (Parallel Structure and Correlative Conjunctions)

    Parallel structure in lists and pairs; correlative conjunctions: not only…but also, either…or, both…and.
  22. 22
    C2

    Advanced Subordination (Participial, Absolute, and Infinitival Clauses)

    C2 subordinate clause types: participial (Running fast, he...), absolute (The work finished, they left), infinitival (To succeed, you must...).