11 topics

Mechanics & Cohesion

The glue that holds English text together: conjunctions, discourse markers, punctuation as grammar, register and formality, complex connectors, metadiscourse markers, and pragmatic strategies.

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

Topics in this Category

  1. 1
    A1

    Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, or)

    FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — the conjunctions that join equal grammatical elements.
  2. 2
    A2

    Subordinating Conjunctions (because, so, when, before, after)

    Conjunctions that introduce dependent clauses: because, although, when, while, before, after, until, unless.
  3. 3
    B1

    Discourse Markers (Contrast, Addition, Result)

    Linkers that organise ideas: however, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore, therefore, consequently.
  4. 4
    B2

    Punctuation as Grammar

    How punctuation marks affect meaning and structure: semicolons, colons, dashes, and comma splices.
  5. 5
    B2

    Advanced Discourse Markers

    Sophisticated linking language for formal writing: albeit, notwithstanding, in light of, to this end, by contrast.
  6. 6
    C1

    Complex Connectors and Cohesion Devices

    Advanced cohesive devices: reference chains, lexical cohesion, substitution, ellipsis across sentences.
  7. 7
    C1

    Register and Formality

    How grammar choices differ across formal, neutral, and informal registers — and how to shift between them.
  8. 8
    C2

    Advanced Discourse and Coherence (Thematic Organization)

    Thematic progression, information structure, given-new framework, and discourse coherence strategies.
  9. 9
    C2

    Metadiscourse Markers

    Language that organises and comments on the text itself: firstly, in other words, to summarise, it should be noted.
  10. 10
    C2

    Advanced Stylistics and Register

    Stylistic choices that define writing quality: sentence rhythm, lexical density, hedging, and tone management.
  11. 11
    C2

    Pragmatics (Speech Acts, Implicature, Politeness Strategies)

    How language functions beyond literal meaning: speech acts, Gricean maxims, face-saving strategies.