Intermediate

Present Perfect (Extended)

Extended uses of the Present Perfect: for/since with duration, just/already/yet/still, and the crucial contrast with the Past Simple.

Zero Conditional

If/when + present simple, present simple — for general truths and scientific facts.

Past Continuous

The Past Continuous describes actions in progress at a specific moment in the past. Learn its form, uses with while/when, and contrast with Past Simple.

Common Prefixes and Suffixes

Expanding vocabulary through prefixes (un-, re-, pre-, mis-) and suffixes (-ment, -ness, -ity, -ous).

First Conditional

If + present simple, will + infinitive — for real and likely future situations.

Discourse Markers (Contrast, Addition, Result)

Linkers that organise ideas: however, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore, therefore, consequently.

Word Families

Groups of related words from the same root: act, action, active, actively, activate, actor, activity.

Future Simple (will)

Use 'will' for spontaneous decisions, predictions based on opinion, promises, and offers. Contrasts with 'going to' for planned intentions.

Second Conditional

If + past simple, would + infinitive — for hypothetical present/future situations.

Defining Relative Clauses

Clauses with who, which, that defining exactly which person or thing is meant — no commas.

Dependent Prepositions (The 'Glue')

Fixed prepositions after specific verbs, adjectives, and nouns: interested in, afraid of, good at.

Might / May

Might and may express possibility in present and future contexts. Learn when to use each, how to form past possibility with might/may have, and how may doubles as a formal permission marker.

Future Continuous

The Future Continuous describes actions that will be in progress at a specific future moment. Used for planned arrangements, polite enquiries, and parallel future actions.

Have To / Don't Have To

Have to and don't have to are B1 expressions for external obligation and lack of necessity. Unlike must, have to works in all tenses and is essential for talking about rules and requirements.

Gerunds and Infinitives

When to use the -ing form (gerund) versus to + infinitive after verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

Passive Voice (Introduction)

Shifting focus from the doer to the action/receiver with be + past participle.

Indefinite Pronouns (someone, anything, nobody, everyone)

Pronouns that refer to non-specific people or things: someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything.

Basic Phrasal Verbs

Common verb + particle combinations: give up, look after, turn on, find out — and how to use them.

Could

Could serves as past ability, polite request, present possibility, and conditional ability. Learn when to use could vs was able to, and how could have expresses unrealised past possibilities.

Reported Speech (Introduction)

Reporting what someone said using reporting verbs and tense backshift: He said he was tired.

Shall

Shall is used for offers (Shall I?) and suggestions (Shall we?) in everyday British English, and for binding obligations in formal and legal contexts.

Question Tags

Short questions added to the end of statements to seek confirmation: You're coming, aren't you?

Indirect Questions

Polite question forms embedded in statements: Could you tell me where the station is?

Too and Enough

Too (more than necessary/desired) and enough (sufficient) with adjectives and infinitives.

So and Such

So + adjective/adverb and such + (a) noun phrase to express degree and add emphasis.

Advanced Article Usage

Advanced rules for a/an, the, and zero article—including generics, unique nouns, and institutional uses.