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word-formation-morphology

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A2 TOEIC 255–400 IELTS 2.5–3.5 Word Formation (Morphology)

Basic Suffixes and Word Forms

Common suffixes that change word class: -er, -tion, -ly, -ful, -less — and the words they create.

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B1 TOEIC 405–600 IELTS 4.0–5.0 Word Formation (Morphology)

Common Prefixes and Suffixes

Expanding vocabulary through prefixes (un-, re-, pre-, mis-) and suffixes (-ment, -ness, -ity, -ous).

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B1 TOEIC 405–600 IELTS 4.0–5.0 Word Formation (Morphology)

Word Families

Groups of related words from the same root: act, action, active, actively, activate, actor, activity.

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B2 TOEIC 605–780 IELTS 5.5–6.5 Word Formation (Morphology)

Derivation (Prefixes, Suffixes, Root Words)

How derivational morphology builds new words: Greek/Latin roots, and layered affixation.

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B2 TOEIC 605–780 IELTS 5.5–6.5 Word Formation (Morphology)

Conversion (Zero Derivation)

Words that change class without any suffix: to email → an email, to google, to water (plants).

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C1 TOEIC 785–900 IELTS 7.0–8.0 Word Formation (Morphology)

Complex Word Formation

Compounding (notebook, sunflower), blending (brunch, smog), clipping (photo, ad), and acronyms.

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C1 TOEIC 785–900 IELTS 7.0–8.0 Word Formation (Morphology)

Nominalizations (Deverbal and Deadjectival Nouns)

Creating abstract nouns from verbs (decide → decision) and adjectives (happy → happiness) for formal writing.

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C2 TOEIC 905–990 IELTS 8.5–9.0 Word Formation (Morphology)

Lexicogrammar (Collocation and Fixed Expressions)

How words combine in predictable patterns: make a decision, take responsibility, strong coffee, heavy rain.

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C2 TOEIC 905–990 IELTS 8.5–9.0 Word Formation (Morphology)

Advanced Morphological Patterns

Subtle patterns in English morphology: productive vs. non-productive affixes, morphological ambiguity.

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