Grammar Topics
Browse and filter all grammar topics by level or category.
18 topics found
Zero Conditional
Learn the Zero Conditional (If/When + present simple) to state general truths, scientific facts, and habits confidently.
First Conditional
Learn the First Conditional (If + present simple, will + infinitive) to talk confidently about real future possibilities.
Second Conditional
Learn the Second Conditional (If + past simple, would + infinitive) to imagine hypothetical present or future situations.
Defining Relative Clauses
Master Defining Relative Clauses with who, which, that to identify exactly which person or thing you mean, with no commas.
Gerunds and Infinitives
Master gerunds (-ing) versus to + infinitive after verbs, adjectives, and nouns to sound natural and grammatically accurate.
Third Conditional
Learn the Third Conditional (If + past perfect, would have + past participle) to express regrets about the unchangeable past.
Mixed Conditionals
Master Mixed Conditionals to combine time frames, linking a past hypothetical cause with a present result and vice versa.
Alternatives to If (Unless, Provided That, As Long As, In Case)
Learn conditional alternatives to if — unless, provided that, as long as, in case — to vary your sentences naturally.
Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Master Non-Defining Relative Clauses, set off by commas, to add extra information smoothly, as in 'My sister, who lives in Paris...'.
Noun Clauses (That-clauses and Wh-clauses)
Master Noun Clauses (that-clauses and wh-clauses) to use whole clauses as subjects or objects, like 'I know that she left.'
Wish and If Only
Learn wish and if only to express regret or a desire for things to be different, as in 'I wish I had studied harder.'
Formal Subjunctive
Learn the Formal Subjunctive to sound professional in suggestions and demands, as in 'It is essential that she arrive on time.'